King Qin Guang (First Court)

King Qin Guang Jiang presides over the First Tribunal of the Ten Yama Kings. Upon arrival in the Underworld, every soul first undergoes scrutiny here, where their lifetime deeds are examined. Souls whose virtue and vice are clearly delineated proceed directly to rebirth; those whose merits and transgressions are roughly balanced are forwarded to the Tenth Tribunal for final disposition and assignment to future lives; while those whose sins outweigh their virtues are brought before the Mirror of Karma, where every misdeed—down to the finest detail—manifests visibly, after which further sentencing is determined. According to the Jade Calendar Scripture, King Qin Guang specifically administers the Register of Lifespans and Untimely Deaths governing human life in the mortal world. On the 1st day of the 2nd lunar month—the date of his birthday—devotees hold rituals at Dongyue temples to honor him, embodying the profound folk ethos of encouraging virtue and deterring wrongdoing.